Risk Analysis of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Exposure Among Traders at Purabaya Terminal In 2025

Abstract

Air pollution caused by motor vehicle emissions was an environmental problem that affected health, especially for groups who worked near emission sources, such as traders at Purabaya Terminal. This study aimed to analyze the level of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure risk among traders in the area. The method used was descriptive analytical with a cross-sectional design and an Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach through the stages of hazard identification, dose-response analysis, exposure analysis, and risk characterization. The sample consisted of 32 permanent traders selected through purposive sampling. The results showed an average CO concentration of 180,332.9 µg/m³, exceeding the established ambient air quality standards, with CO intake values among traders ranging from 5.82 to 44.79 mg/kg/day. All respondents had a Risk Quotient (RQ) value greater than 1, indicating non-carcinogenic health risks due to direct CO exposure. It was recommended that vehicle emissions and ambient air be tested regularly, green building practices be implemented, KN95 masks be used, and traders at risk maintain an ideal body weight.